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金融专硕考研知识点财务报表分析 - 北京代理记账

金融专硕考研知识点财务报表分析 资讯 第1张

财务报表分析

1.报表的标准化

由于规模差异,直接比较两家公司的财务报表几乎是不可能的。因此,为了比较,需要在一定程度上对财务报表进行标准化,常见的方式是我们可以用百分比代替绝对值来比较不同的报表,产生的报表称为共同比报表。

2.共同比资产负债表

资产负债表标准化就是把报表中的每个项目都表示成总资产的百分比,使各资产项的百分比数额之和为100%,各负债、权益项的百分比数额之和为100%。

3.共同比利润表

利润表标准化,将所有的表项都以总销售额的百分比表示。这些百分比对于公司间的比较很有帮助,比如可以清晰地看出成本所占的比重,再计算一下主要竞争对手的该项比例,将两者进行对比,就可以知道公司在成本控制方面表现的如何。