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财务思维之:产能过剩与客户议价能力的提升 - 北京代理记账

财务思维之:产能过剩与客户议价能力的提升

2021-04-01上一篇 : |下一篇 :

财务思维之:产能过剩与客户议价能力的提升 资讯 第1张

我们知道,当价格降到一个临界值时,再降就会导致亏损。在这种情况之下,就会产生一系列的连锁反应:当价格再不能往下降的时候,公司就会发现产品卖不出去了。此时只能被迫减少产品的生产,从而导致机器产能的闲置。也就是我们常说的开工率不足,或者说产能过剩。一旦机器不开工了,就不再需要那么多工人了,紧接着就会导致裁员。

比如,钢铁行业曾经异常火热,现在却变成了一个竞争惨烈、产能严重过剩的行业。最大化产能下,全国钢铁行业每年大约可生产10亿吨的钢铁,而现在仅仅生产了7亿吨左右,有3亿吨产品的机器是闲置的。

一般而言,如果一个行业的产能闲置超过了25%,就属于严重产能过剩的行业。

产能过剩还会导致另一个问题,就是客户谈判能力的上升

。因为我们特别想把滞销的产品卖出去,这就会增加客户讨价还价的本钱。客户谈判能力上升,就会要求我们进一步降低价格,除此之外,客户还可能会延迟付款,所以我们的收款也变得越来越慢。

煤炭行业10年前的整体毛利率约为30%,而现在仅为20%;10年前的应收账款收款周期为6天(卖出产品6天就能收回全部货款),现在增加到90天。由这个数字的变化可见整个行业的竞争日趋激烈。