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成本核算对建筑企业的作用分析 - 北京代理记账

问:成本核算的账户应该如何设置?

答:为了进行成本核算,企业一般应设置“生产成本”、“制造费用”、“销售费用”、“管理费用”、“财务费用”等账户。如果需要单独核算废品损失和停工损失,还应设置“废品损失”和“停工损失”账户。

(一)“生产成本”账户

该账户核算企业进行工业性生产发生的各项生产成本。包括生产各种产成品、自制半成品、自制材料、自制工具、自制设备等。

“生产成本”账户应设置“基本生产成本”和“辅助生产成本”两个二级科目。“基本生产成本”二级科目核算企业为完成主要生产任务而进行的产品生产发生的成本。“辅助生产成本”二级科目核算企业为基本生产服务而进行的产品生产和劳务发生的直接成本。

(二)“制造费用”账户

制造费用是指制造企业为生产产品和提供劳务而发生的各项间接费用。本账户核算企业生产车间(部门)为生产产品和提供劳务而发生的各项间接费用,以及虽然直接用于产品生产但管理上不要求或不便于单独核算的费用。

企业可按不同的生产车间、部门和费用项目进行明细核算。

【注意】对小型制造企业而言,也可以将“生产成本”和“制造费用”两个总账合并为“生产费用”一个总账科目,下设“基本生产成本”、“辅助生产成本”、“制造费用”三个二级科目。